Murder
Criminal law
is the body of law that relates to crime. It regulates social conduct
and proscribes threatening, harming, or otherwise endangering the
health, safety, and moral welfare of people. It includes the punishment
of people who violate these laws.Criminal law is distinctive for the
uniquely serious potential consequences or sanctions for failure to
abide by its rules.
Murder.--Except in the cases
hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which
the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death, or- 167
Secondly.-If it is done with the intention of causing such bodily
injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the
person to whom the harm is caused. or- thirdly.-If it is done with the
intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury
intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature
to cause death, or- fourthly.-If the person committing the act knows
that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability,
cause death, or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and
commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing
death or such injury as aforesaid.
Robbery
Robbery is
the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value by force or
threat of force or by putting the victim in fear. At common law,
robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to
permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or
fear.Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions.
In precise legal terms, robbery differs from simple theft in its use of
violence and intimidation, although the words to rob and robbery are
often used informally to mean simple theft.
Rape
Rape is a type
of sexual assault initiated by one or more persons against another
person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by
physical force, or where the person is under threat or manipulation, or
with a person who is incapable of valid consent.It is the name of a
statutory crime in jurisdictions such as England and Wales, Northern
Ireland, Scotland, California, and New York, and is a legal term of art
used in the definition of the offence of sexual violation in New
Zealand. Some countries have changed the crimes that were previously
covered by rape, to the term sexual assault,including Canada.
Fraud
In
criminal law, fraud is intentional deception made for personal gain or
to damage another individual; the related adjective is fraudulent, and
verb is defraud. Fraud is a crime and a civil law violation, though the
specific criminal law definition varies by legal jurisdiction.
Defrauding people or entities of money or valuables is a common purpose
of fraud.
A
hoax also involves deception, but without the intention of gain or of
damaging or depriving the victim. Fraud is a defense in a civil action
for breach of contract or specific performance of a contract. Fraud is a
basis for equitable jurisdiction.
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